Flask (with Single-Page App frontend)
Integrating a Flask server with sgID
This page provides a step-by-step guide on how to integrate the Python SDK in a simple Flask server. This Flask server will be used as a backend server for a SPA frontend.
To illustrate our example, we have prepared a demo app which will allow you to retrieve your user's name and favorite ice cream flavor after they log in with sgID.

If you have not already obtained your client credentials via registration, please register your client before proceeding.
For this example, you should add:
1. [openid, myinfo.name]
as the scopes and
2. http://localhost:5001/api/redirect
as a redirect URL
Running the example locally
Step 1: Clone the repo
To run the example locally, clone from our source code by running:
# Clone the frontend repository
git clone https://github.com/opengovsg/sgid-demo-frontend-spa.git
cd sgid-demo-frontend-spa
cat .env.example > .env # Copy the `.env.example` file
npm install
cd ..
# Clone the backend repository
git clone https://github.com/opengovsg/sgid-client-python.git
cd sgid-client-python/examples/flask
cat .env.example > .env # Copy the `.env.example` file
pip install -r requirements.txt
Step 2: Update your environment variables
Update your .env
file with your client credentials.
SGID_CLIENT_ID=<your client id>
SGID_CLIENT_SECRET=<your client secret>
SGID_PRIVATE_KEY=<your private key>
Step 3: Run the example
In separate terminals, run the frontend and the backend.
# In the /sgid-client-python/examples/flask directory
flask run
# Open a new terminal and in the /sgid-demo-frontend-spa directory
npm run dev
Ensure that your backend Flask server is running on http://localhost:5001 and visit http://localhost:5173.
If you click on 'Login with Singpass' and authenticate with your Singpass mobile app, you should see your user info on the success screen.
Breaking the example down
In this section, we'll break down the different steps that our example app goes through.
Step 1: Initialize the SDK
In this step, we will create an instance of our SgidClient
class which will help us to interface with the sgID server.
In the .env
file created from the previous step, fill out your sgID credentials.
SGID_CLIENT_ID=<your client id>
SGID_CLIENT_SECRET=<your client secret>
SGID_PRIVATE_KEY=<your private key>
Next, initialize the SDK by calling the constructor and passing in the environment variables.
from sgid_client import SgidClient
PORT = 5001
sgid_client = SgidClient(
client_id=os.getenv("SGID_CLIENT_ID"),
client_secret=os.getenv("SGID_CLIENT_SECRET"),
private_key=os.getenv("SGID_PRIVATE_KEY"),
redirect_uri=f"http://localhost:{PORT}/api/redirect",
)
Before we create the endpoints, we will need to configure the Flask app.
from flask import (
Flask,
request,
make_response,
redirect,
abort,
)
from flask_cors import CORS
# In-memory store for user session data
# In a real application, this would be a database.
session_data = {}
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "exampleAppSession"
app = Flask(__name__)
# Allow app to interact with demo frontend
frontend_host = "http://localhost:5173"
CORS(app, origins=[frontend_host], supports_credentials=True)
Step 2: Create the /api/auth-url endpoint
When an end user clicks on the sign in button on your application (e.g. 'Login with Singpass app'), it should make a GET
request to this endpoint to retrieve the authorization URL. The browser is then redirected to this authorization URL.

GET
request to the /api/auth-url endpointThe /api/auth-url
endpoint should do the following
Generate a session ID
Generate a PKCE pair (consisting of code challenge and code verifier)
Generate an authorization URL
Store the code verifier in the session
Set the session ID in the browser's cookies
Return the authorization URL
from flask import request
from uuid import uuid4
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from sgid_client import SgidClient, generate_pkce_pair
@app.route("/api/auth-url")
def get_auth_url():
ice_cream_selection = request.args.get("icecream")
session_id = str(uuid4())
# Use search params to store state so other key-value pairs
# can be added easily
state = urlencode(
{
"icecream": ice_cream_selection,
}
)
# We pass the user's ice cream preference as the state,
# so after they log in, we can display it together with the
# other user info.
code_verifier, code_challenge = generate_pkce_pair()
url, nonce = sgid_client.authorization_url(
state=state, code_challenge=code_challenge
)
session_data[session_id] = {
"state": state,
"nonce": nonce,
"code_verifier": code_verifier,
}
res = make_response({"url": url})
res.set_cookie(SESSION_COOKIE_NAME, session_id, httponly=True)
return res
Step 3: Create the /api/redirect endpoint
After the user scans the QR code with their Singpass mobile app and authorizes your application to access the specified scopes, the sgID server will redirect the user's browser to the redirect_uri
you specified earlier (either when initializing the SDK or when passed as a parameter to the authorization_url
function).
The redirect will include the authorization code and the state (if provided earlier) in the form of query parameters. An example URL would look something like this
http://localhost:5001/api/redirect?
code=someAuthCode
&state=someState
The /api/redirect
endpoint should do the following
Retrieve the authorization code from query params, and the session ID from browser cookies
Retrieve the code verifier from session
Exchange the authorization code and code verifier for the access token
Store the access token and sub in session
Redirect the browser to a logged in page (or any page of your choice)
from flask import request, redirect
frontend_host = os.getenv("SGID_FRONTEND_HOST") or "http://localhost:5173"
@app.route("/api/redirect")
def redirect():
auth_code = request.args.get("code")
state = request.args.get("state")
session_id = request.cookies.get(SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
session = session_data.get(session_id, None)
# Validate that the state matches what we passed to sgID for this session
if session is None or session["state"] != state:
return redirect(f"{frontend_host}/error")
sub, access_token = sgid_client.callback(
code=auth_code, code_verifier=session["code_verifier"], nonce=session["nonce"]
)
session["access_token"] = access_token
session["sub"] = sub
session_data[session_id] = session
return redirect(f"{frontend_host}/logged-in")
Step 4: Create the /api/userinfo endpoint
Once the browser has been redirected to a logged in/success page, your app can make a GET
request to this endpoint which will use the access token stored in session to request user info from the sgID server.
The /api/userinfo
endpoint should do the following
Retrieve the session ID from browser cookies
Retrieve the access token from memory using the session ID
Request user info using the access token
Return the user info
from flask import request, abort
from urllib.parse import parse_qs
@app.route("/api/userinfo")
def userinfo():
session_id = request.cookies.get(SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
session = session_data.get(session_id, None)
access_token = (
None
if session is None or "access_token" not in session
else session["access_token"]
)
if session is None or access_token is None:
abort(401)
sub, data = sgid_client.userinfo(sub=session["sub"], access_token=access_token)
# Add ice cream flavour to userinfo
ice_cream_selection = parse_qs(session["state"])["icecream"][0]
data["iceCream"] = ice_cream_selection
return {"sub": sub, "data": data}
Step 5: Integrate the frontend and backend
Now that your Flask server has been set up properly, you will need to integrate your frontend application with it.
If you have followed the steps from Running the example locally, the frontend and backend examples have already been integrated for you.
However, if you would like to integrate with your own frontend application, there are two main steps you need to implement:
A page with a 'Login with Singpass' button
Click here for the relevant code in the frontend repo.
The button will need to make a
GET
request to the/api/auth-url
endpoint and then redirect the browser to the received authorization URL.
Fetching the user info after logging in
Click here for the relevant code in the frontend repo.
After the user logs in, the frontend can make a
GET
request to the/api/userinfo
endpoint to retrieve the user info.
Congratulations! 🎉
You have reached the end of the Flask step-by-step guide.
While these examples should work seamlessly in a local environment (i.e. localhost), they may not work if deployed (specifically if the frontend and backend are deployed on different domains).
This is due to the SameSite
attribute on cookies. For these examples to work in a deployed environment, you would need to either
Utilize a reverse proxy to deploy the frontend and backend on the same domain; or
Set the
SameSite
attribute asNone
to be able to set cookies on a different domain
If you want to find out more about how sgID works, click here to learn about the sgID protocol.
If you have more questions about sgID, check out our FAQ for answers to common questions.
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